Florida State Standards

The STANDARDS CORRELATION chart suggests which Florida State Standards for science you can cover using PASSPORT TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM in your classroom. We hope you will discover additional standards you can use. These are the ones our Instructional Materials Development team felt most directly related to the activities contained in PASSPORT TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

For additional Florida State Standards for science you can cover see the STANDARDS CORRELATION chart for the following PASSPORT TO KNOWLEDGE projects:

PASSPORT TO ANTARCTICA

PASSPORT TO THE RAINFOREST

PASSPORT TO WEATHER AND CLIMATE

LIVE FROM MARS 2001/2002

PASSPORT TO THE UNIVERSE

Grade Level Expectations:

Kindergarten,   First Grade,   Second Grade,   Third Grade,   Fourth Grade,   Fifth Grade,   Sixth Grade,   Seventh Grade,   Eighth Grade

State Standards:

Grades PreK-2,   Grades 3-5,   Grades 6-8,   Grades 9-12

Grade Level Expectations

Kindergarten


The kindergarten student:

The Nature of Matter

 

Energy

 

· knows the effects of sun and shade on the same object (for example, crayons, ice, chocolate).

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· knows that light can pass through some objects, but cannot pass through other objects.

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· knows some processes where heat can be released (for example, playing a radio, burning a candle).

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Force and Motion

 

· understands that different things move at different speeds (bicycle/motorcycle, car/plane, tortoise/hare).

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· knows the names of objects that roll, slide, or fly.

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· knows that the motion of an object (for example, toy truck, toy car, ball, marble) can be changed by a push or a pull.

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· knows that vibrations caused by sound waves can be felt (for example, on a speaker when music is played, the head of a drum when it is hit, or a tuning fork).

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Earth and Space

 

· knows that the sky looks different during the day than it does at night.

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· knows that the position of the Sun in the sky appears to change during the day.

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· knows some of the objects seen in the night sky (for example, stars, Moon).

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The Nature of Science

 

· knows that learning can come from careful observation.

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· repeats events several times and compares the findings.

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· works with a partner or small group to collect information.

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· shares findings about scientific investigations with others.

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· poses questions, seeks answers, draws pictures of observations, and makes decisions using information.

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· knows that the five senses (taste, touch, smell, hearing, sight) allow us to take in and respond to information in order to learn about our surroundings.

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· understands that continuous patterns occur in nature (for example, seasons, phases of the Moon, blooming flowers).

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· knows some appropriate tools for collecting information and extending the senses.

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First Grade


The first grade student:

Energy

 

· knows that heat from the Sun has varying effects depending on the surface it strikes.

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· predicts which materials will allow light to pass through and which ones will not.

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· understands that models (for example, terrarium or aquarium) can be used to observe processes and changes over time.

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Force and Motion

 

· knows the relative order of speeds of various objects (for example, snails, turtles tricycles, bicycles, cars, jets, rockets).

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· knows that various things move at different speeds when different forces are applied.

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· understands various ways gravity affects the motion of objects (for example, an object on a ramp, an object that is dropped).

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· knows that vibrations of objects (for example, strings, drumheads, rubber bands) cause sounds.

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Earth and Space

 

· knows that the amount of light reflected by the Moon is a little different every day but the Moon appears the same again about every 28 days.

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· knows that night and day are caused by the rotation of the Earth.

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· knows and differentiates objects seen in the day and night sky (for example, clouds, Sun, stars, Moon, planets).

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The Nature of Science

 

· knows that scientific investigations generally work the same way in different places.

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· understands the importance of accuracy and repetition in conducting scientific inquiries.

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· works with others to complete an experiment or to solve a problem.

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· listens, records, and compares the ideas and observations of others.

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· uses simple graphs, pictures, written statements, and numbers to observe, describe, record, and compare data.

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· uses a variety of tools (for example, thermometers, magnifiers, rulers, scales, computers) to identify characteristics of objects.

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· uses standard (for example, centimeters) and nonstandard units (for example, paper clips, hands, pencils) to measure organisms and objects and parts of organisms and objects.

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· uses information gathered to identify patterns in nature to make predictions (for example, shapes of leaves, petals on flowers, rings on seashells).

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· knows that scientists and technologists use a variety of tools (e.g., thermometers, magnifiers, rulers, and scales) to obtain information in more detail and to make work easier.

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Second Grade

The second grade student:

The Nature of Matter

 

· knows that a variety of tools can be used to examine objects at differing degrees of magnification (for example, a hand lens, layered hand lenses, a microscope).

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Energy

 

· knows that a thermometer measures the amount of heat absorbed by an object.

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· understands that some materials will allow light to pass and others will not.

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· understands that models (for example, terrarium or aquarium) can be used to illustrate how energy flows through a system.

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· knows how model energy systems change throughout the year (for example, collecting data and recording changes in a terrarium or aquarium that models an energy system).

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· knows different heat sources (for example, friction, solar, nuclear, electric).

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· uses graphic organizers to classify food groups.

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· understands the relationship of food to the need for energy for daily activities.

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· understands ways energy and matter interact (for example, sunlight to affect plant growth, heat to boil water).

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Force and Motion

 

· knows that objects exhibit different kinds of motion (for example, straight, circular, back and forth).

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· knows that the amount and direction of the force exerted on an object (for example, push, pull, friction, gravity) determines how much the object will move.

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· knows that objects may be moved by being pushed and pulled with magnets.

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· compares the amount of pushing and pulling required to move objects of various sizes across the floor.

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· demonstrates that some vibrations may be heard.

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· understands that sound travels differently through different media (for example, wood, water, air).

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· knows that properties of sound such as pitch and loudness can be altered by changing the properties of the sound source.

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Earth and Space

 

· knows that the Moon moves around the Earth, the Earth moves around the Sun, and the Moon is visible when it reflects the light from the Sun.

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· knows that each time the Earth completes one rotation, one day has passed and that this takes 24 hours.

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· knows that stars and planets are always in the sky.

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The Nature of Science

 

· knows the difference between verified observation and personal interpretation.

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· knows that when tests are repeated under the same condition, similar results are usually obtained.

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· participates in groups to conduct experiments and solve problems.

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· understands that one can gain confidence in scientific methods by comparing and verifying scientific results with others.

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· understands that, through the use of science processes, people can solve problems and make decisions.

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· analyzes information to make predictions, makes sketches and diagrams to explain ideas, draws conclusions using information and prior knowledge.

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· keeps science records.

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· uses a variety of tools to observe, measure, analyze and predict changes in size, mass, temperature, color, position, quantity, sound, and movement.

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· uses metric and standard English units to measure distance, volume, mass, and temperature.

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· knows how to sort organisms, objects, and events based on patterns.

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· knows ways in which tools are used by scientists (for example, to gather information, to analyze, to calculate).

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Third Grade

The third grade student:

Energy

 

· knows objects that emit heat and light.

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· knows different forms of energy (for example, heat, light, sound).

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· knows that the Sun provides energy for the Earth in the form of heat and light.

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· knows that heat can be produced by chemical reactions, electrical machines, and friction.

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· uses a variety of tools to measure the gain or loss of energy.

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· knows that when a warmer object comes in contact with a cooler one, the warm object loses heat and the cool one gains it until they are both at the same temperature.

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· knows that some source of energy is needed for organisms to stay alive and grow.

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Force and Motion

 

· describes the motion of various objects (for example, forward, circular, wave).

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· understands the characteristics of waves (for example, crest, trough, length).

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· knows that an object may move in a straight line at a constant speed, speed up, slow down, or change direction dependent on net force acting on the object.

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Earth and Space

 

· knows that days and nights change in length throughout the year.

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· knows the frequency of the lunar cycle is approximately 28 days.

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· knows the Sun is a star that is much nearer to the Earth than the other stars.

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· knows characteristics of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

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· knows the relative positions of all the planets

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· knows that, in addition to the Sun, there are many other stars that are far away.

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The Nature of Science

 

· knows that it is important to keep accurate records and descriptions to provide information and clues on causes of discrepancies in repeated experiments.

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· plans and investigates an experiment that defines a problem, proposes a solution, identifies variables, collects and organizes data, interprets data in tables, charts and graphs, analyzes information, makes predictions, and presents and supports findings.

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· uses various kinds of instruments to collect and analyze information (for example, meter sticks, timing devices, graduated cylinders, force meters, pan balances, calipers, microscopes, cameras, sound recorders, hot plates, magnets, collecting nets).

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· knows that to work collaboratively, all team members should be free to reach, explain, and justify their own individual conclusions.

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· knows that to compare and contrast observations and results is an essential skill in science.

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· uses sketches, diagrams and models to understand scientific ideas.

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· makes predictions and inferences based on observations.

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· uses charts and graphs to understand patterns of change.

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· understands the relationships between science concepts and the history of science and the contributions of scientists.

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· uses reference materials to obtain information related to science concepts.

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· knows that data are collected and interpreted in order to explain an event or concept.

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· understands that scientific information can be presented in several ways (for example, using numbers and mathematics, drawings, words, graphs, tables).

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· understands how scientific discoveries have helped or hindered progress regarding human health and lifestyles.

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· knows that, through the use of science processes and knowledge, people can solve problems, make decisions, and form new ideas.

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Fourth Grade

The fourth grade student:

The Nature of Matter

 

· uses a variety of measurements to compare and contrast the physical properties of matter.

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· understands that heating or cooling of matter will speed up or slow down, respectively, the motion of the small particles within matter and that this is what causes a phase change.

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· uses a variety of tools (hand lens, microscope) to observe and study minute details of objects.

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Energy

 

· knows that most living things use energy from the Sun to live and grow.

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· knows that there are a variety of sources for electricity (for example, hydroelectric, geothermal, windmills).

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· knows the relationship between attributes of all waves (for example, wavelength, frequency) and attributes of sound waves (for example, pitch, intensity).

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· knows that most objects that emit light also emit heat.

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· knows ways that energy can be transformed (for example, electricity to light, light to heat, mechanical to heat).

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· knows that moving electric charges produce magnetic forces and moving magnets produce electric currents.

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Force and Motion

 

· knows that velocity describes a change in distance over time

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· understands that waves behave differently in different media (for example, water, a wall, the atmosphere, a vacuum).

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· uses tools to measure changes in position, direction, and speed of an object after a push or pull has been applied.

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Earth and Space

 

· knows that the tilt of the Earth causes the change of seasons, length of day, and the amount of energy available.

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· understands the cause of the phases of the Moon (for example, the movement patterns of the Earth and Moon relative to the Sun).

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· knows how the energy of the Sun can be captured as a source of heat and light on Earth (for example, plants, solar panels).

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· knows characteristics of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.

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· knows that gravity is the one of the forces that keeps planets arranged in orbits around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around the Earth.

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· understands that the Sun is a medium-sized star located near the edge of a galaxy containing billions of other stars, which in turn is one of innumerable galaxies in the Universe.

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The Nature of Science

 

· knows that scientists make the results of their investigations public, and they describe the investigations in ways that enable others to repeat the investigation.

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· plans and investigates experiments in which hypotheses are formulated based on cause and effect relationships; distinctions are made among observations, conclusions/inferences and predictions; a limited number of variables are controlled; and numerical data that are contradictory or unusual in experimental results are recognized.

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· uses metric tools to measure, record, and interpret data.

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· works collaboratively to collect, share, and record information for a scientific investigation.

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· knows that comparisons between experiments can be made when conditions are the same.

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· knows that a model of something is different from the real thing, but can be used to learn something about the real thing.

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· makes predictions based on data from picture graphs, bar graphs, and line graphs.

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· knows basic patterns, sequences, and cycles occurring in nature.

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· knows that technologies often have costs, as well as benefits, and can have an enormous effect on people and other living things.

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· researches and reports on a science topic.

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· constructs and analyzes graphs, tables, maps, and charts to organize, examine, and evaluate information.

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· uses criteria to understand and analyze the impact of scientific discoveries (for example, determines whether or not scientific claims are backed by sufficient evidence and logical arguments).

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· knows ways that, through the use of science processes and knowledge, people can solve problems, make decisions, and form new ideas.

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Fifth Grade

The fifth grade student:

Energy

 

· knows how to trace the flow of energy in a system (for example, electricity in a circuit to produce heat, light, sound, or magnetic fields).

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· knows that energy can be described as stored energy (potential) or energy of motion (kinetic).

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· extends and refines use of a variety of tools to measure the gain or loss of energy.

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· knows that some materials conduct heat better than others.

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· understands that convection, radiation, and conduction are methods of heat transfer.

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· knows that the limited supply of usable energy sources (for example, fuels such as coal or oil) places great significance on the development of renewable energy sources.

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Force and Motion

 

· uses scientific tools (for example, stopwatch, meter stick, compass) to measure speed, distance, and direction of an object.

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· knows that waves travel at different speeds through different materials.

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· understands the relationship between force and distance as it relates to simple machines (for example, levers and fulcrums working to lift objects).

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· knows that objects do not change their motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

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· understands how friction affects an object in motion.

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· knows the relationship between the strength of a force and its effect on an object (for example, the greater the force, the greater the change in motion; the more massive the object, the smaller the effect of a given force).

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· knows that motion in space is different from motion on Earth due to changes in gravitational force and friction.

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· understands how inertia, gravity, friction, mass, and force affect motion.

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Earth and Space

 

· knows the orbit of the Earth is slightly elliptical and the Earth is closest to the Sun in the Northern Hemisphere in winter.

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· knows that the angle that the rays of the Sun strike the surface of the Earth determines the amount of energy received and thus the season of the year.

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· knows the effect of the tilt of the Earth on polar climates.

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· knows the relative positions of the Moon, Earth, and Sun during each of the phases of the Moon.

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· knows that the planets differ in size, characteristics, and composition and that they orbit the Sun in our Solar System.

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· knows the arrangement of the planets and the asteroid belt in our Solar System.

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The Nature of Science

 

· understands that although the same scientific investigation may give slightly different results when it is carried out by different persons or at different times or places, the general evidence collected from the investigation should be replicable by others.

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· understands that scientists use different kinds of investigations (for example, observations of events in nature, controlled experiments) depending on the questions they are trying to answer.

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· understands the importance of accuracy in conducting measurements, and uses estimation when exact measurements are not possible.

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· understands the importance of communication among scientists (for example, informing and becoming informed about scientific investigations in progress and the work of others; exposing ideas to the criticism of others).

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· uses strategies to review, compare and contrast, and critique scientific investigations.

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· knows that an experiment must be repeated many times and yield consistent results before the results are accepted.

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· uses sketches and diagrams to propose scientific solutions to problems.

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· constructs models to compare objects in science.

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· makes a prediction for a new investigation using the data from a previous investigation.

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· understands that change is constantly occurring and uses strategies to analyze different patterns of change.

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· knows areas in which technology has improved human lives (for example, transportation, communication, nutrition, sanitation, health care, entertainment).

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· knows that new inventions often lead to other new inventions and ways of doing things.

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· selects appropriate graphical representations (for example, graphs, charts, diagrams) to collect, record, and report data.

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· understands how a solution to one scientific problem can create another problem.

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· extends and refines knowledge of ways that, through the use of science processes and knowledge, people can solve problems, make decisions, and form new ideas.

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Sixth Grade

The sixth grade student:

The Nature of Matter

 

· knows the properties of waves (frequency, amplitude, wavelength).

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· knows how to compare and contrast the properties of particles and waves.

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· knows forms of radiant energy and their applications to everyday life (for example, visible, microwave, radio).

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Energy

 

· knows different types of energy and the units used to quantify the energy (for example, solar, nuclear, electrical, chemical).

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· understands that energy can be converted from one form to another (for example, solar energy to heat energy).

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· understands that energy can be changed in form.

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· uses examples to demonstrate common energy transformations.

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· knows types of radiant energy that come to Earth from the Sun (for example, visible, infrared, ultraviolet).

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· knows the effect of sunlight on photosynthetic pigments.

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Force and Motion

 

· knows that a change in motion and position can be measured.

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· knows ways to measure time intervals.

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· knows ways to estimate speed.

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· uses common items (a pebble dropped in water, a marble dropped in sand) to demonstrate that vibrations in materials set up visible disturbances that spread away from a force in all directions.

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· recognizes the result of several forces acting on an object.

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· knows that the net force is dependent on the direction and magnitude of forces acting on a body.

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· knows that an object at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.

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· knows objects in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

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· knows that gravity is a force that causes an object to fall to the ground.

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· knows that gravity causes an object to have weight.

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Earth and Space

 

· knows the relationship between tides on Earth and the positions of the Moon, the Sun, and Earth.

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· knows the relative sizes of the planets, Sun, Solar System, galaxy, and universe.

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· understands the positions of the Earth, Moon, and Sun during a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse.

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· understands that our Sun is one of many stars in our galaxy.

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The Nature of Science

 

· knows ways scientific theories may change with new discoveries.

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· understands that new technology may lead to new discoveries.

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· uses systematic, scientific processes to develop and test hypotheses.

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· knows that the scientific method is a process that involves a logical and empirical but flexible approach to problem solving.

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· knows that the disciplines of science provide in depth study and information that becomes available for all to share and use.

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· knows that accurate record keeping, openness, and replication are essential to maintaining an investigator’s credibility with other scientists and society.

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· uses accurate records, openness, and replication of experiments to ensure credibility.

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· understands the importance of the control in an experiment.

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· knows how to identify the independent and dependent variables in an experiment.

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· uses appropriate experimental design, with consideration for rules, time, and materials required to solve a problem.

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· knows selected scientists and their accomplishments.

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· knows that scientists who make contributions to knowledge come from all kinds of backgrounds and possess varied talents, interests, and goals.

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· uses criteria necessary to determine the veracity of the data.

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· knows that most natural events occur in patterns.

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· knows that science ethics demand that scientists must not knowingly subject coworkers, students, the neighborhood, or the community to health or property risks.

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· uses appropriate procedures for safety in the classroom, home, and community.

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· knows that appropriate care, safe practices, and ethical treatment are necessary when animals are involved in scientific research.

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· knows that in research involving human subjects, the ethics of science require that potential subjects be fully informed about the risks and benefits associated with the research and of their right to refuse to participate.

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· knows some ways that scientific discoveries create new technologies that affect society (for example, geographic information systems, gene mapping, electronic communication).

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· knows that the advancement of science, mathematics, and technology is ongoing and influenced by a diverse population of scientists.

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· knows that scientific contributions may result in diverse technological products.

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· uses a computer to collect, analyze, and report scientific findings.

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Seventh Grade

The seventh grade student:

The Nature of Matter

 

· understands that weight is the result of gravitational pull on an object.

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· knows the difference between heat and temperature.

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· knows that relative changes of position and motion of atoms in a solid, liquid, and gas are the result of an increase or decrease in temperature.

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· knows the direction of energy flow when a change in the phase of matter occurs.

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· knows that chemical changes result in new substances with different characteristics.

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· knows chemical and physical changes that occur in nature.

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· knows that charged particles and objects will attract or repel each other.

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· knows the relationship between frequency and wavelength (the greater the frequency of the wave, the smaller the wavelength of the wave).

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· understands that protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of the atom while electrons exist in areas of probability outside of the nucleus.

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· understands that the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus where the protons and neutrons are located.

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· determines the mass number and atomic number of an atom from the number of protons and neutrons.

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· understands that most of the atom is empty space.

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· knows uses of radiation, light, and thermal energy to improve the quality of life for human beings (for example, cooking food, treating disease).

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Energy

 

· knows examples of uses of energy in the home and ways to measure its use.

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· knows the characteristics, effects, and common uses of ultraviolet, visible and infrared light.

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· knows that useful energy is lost as heat energy in every energy conversion.

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· knows that as the amount of useful energy of a system decreases, the total disorder in the system increases.

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Force and Motion

 

· knows that the motion of an object can be described by its position, direction of motion, and speed.

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· knows intensity of some common waves.

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· knows some causes and effects of waves.

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· knows the properties of forces.

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· knows that like poles of the magnet (two north poles or two south poles) will repel and opposite poles (north and south) will attract.

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· knows that a simple electromagnet uses both electrical force and a magnetic force.

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· understands that as objects fall to Earth, speed increases until they reach terminal velocity.

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· understands that gravity is a force exerted on a mass that causes an object to have weight.

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· knows that gravity is a force that holds the Solar System together.

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Earth and Space

 

· knows the relative sizes of planets.

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· understands the distances of the planets and the asteroid belt from the Sun are vast.

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· understands that the tilt of the Earth on its axis as it rotates causes seasonal changes.

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· knows characteristics of the inner planets and outer planets.

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· knows basic features of the Moon and the moons of other planets.

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· knows some of the constellations of stars in the sky.

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· knows why stars appear to move across the sky.

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· knows the life cycle of a star.

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· knows the process used to determine the age of a star.

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The Nature of Science

 

· understands that new scientific knowledge is often used to reevaluate existing theories.

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· uses systematic, scientific processes to solve problems and reach conclusions.

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· knows that science disciplines differ from one another in topic, techniques, and outcomes but that they share a common purpose, philosophy, and enterprise.

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· extends and refines use of accurate records, openness, and replication of experiments to ensure credibility.

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· extends and refines knowledge of how to identify the independent and dependent variables in an experiment.

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· extends and refines use of appropriate experimental design, with consideration for rules, time, and materials required to solve a problem.

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· uses rules, time, and materials in ways that ensure the identification and separation of variables in an experiment to solve a problem.

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· extends and refines knowledge of selected scientists and their accomplishments and recognizes their varied backgrounds, talents, interests, and goals.

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· uses criteria necessary to determine the validity of a scientific experiment.

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· knows that natural events (for example, seasons, hurricanes) occur in patterns.

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· knows that science ethics demand that scientists must not knowingly subject coworkers, students, the neighborhood, or the community to health or property risks.

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· uses appropriate procedures for safety in the classroom, home, and community.

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· knows the care, safe practices, and ethical treatment that are appropriate when using animals in field and laboratory research.

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· knows that in research involving human subjects, the ethics of science require that potential subjects be fully informed about the risks and benefits associated with the research and of their right to refuse to participate.

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· knows that the designs used for technological improvements should consider the values of society (economic, political, social, ethical, aesthetic).

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· uses knowledge of political, social, and economic ramifications of certain scientific research to evaluate its role in society.

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· knows that scientific and technological contributions are made by individuals of different ethnic, economic, and cultural backgrounds.

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· knows that scientific contributions may result in diverse technological products.

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· extends and refines use of a computer to collect, analyze, and report scientific findings.

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Eighth Grade

The eighth grade student:

The Nature of Matter

 

· understands the relationship between the energy of a wave and its frequency (the greater the frequency of the wave, the greater the energy of the wave).

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· understands the relationship of energy and wavelength to the electromagnetic spectrum.

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· knows that there is an energy difference between an electron near the nucleus and one further away.

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· knows that when electrons are transferred from one substance to another, the general properties of both substances change.

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· extends and refines knowledge of uses of forms of energy to improve the quality of life.

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Energy

 

· understands that energy can be transferred by radiation, conduction, and convection.

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· knows examples of natural and man-made systems in which energy is transferred from one form to another.

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· understands how the principle of conservation of energy is applied during an energy transfer.

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· knows ways to measure the various forms of energy that come from the Sun.

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· knows that energy conversions are never 100% efficient and that some energy is transformed to heat and is unavailable for further useful work (for example, a food pyramid reflects the energy that is used and lost in each part of a food chain).

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· knows that a transfer of thermal energy occurs in chemical reactions.

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· knows the processes by which thermal energy tends to flow from a system of higher temperature to a system of lower temperature.

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· knows that the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that make up an object changes when the temperature of the object changes.

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· knows that sound travels in a medium (cannot travel in a vacuum), and travels at different speeds through various media.

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· knows the parts of a wave (crest, trough, wavelength, amplitude).

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· understands that wavelength determines the colors of visible light.

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· understands that wavelength determines the pitch of sound.

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· knows that waves vary greatly in character (for example, sound, ultraviolet, infrared, ocean waves).

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· understands that as energy is transferred from one system to another there is a reduction in the amount of useful energy.

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